Bring IP Back Into US-Japan
By Marc L. Busch
If you blinked, you might have missed it. On January 1, a limited trade deal between the United States and Japan took effect. It doesn't go nearly far enough.
The US-Japan "phase one" agreement commits Japan to buy more US agriculture and calls for fewer obstacles to digital trade. That's pretty much it.
But it's not too late to fix things. That's because a new round of talks is scheduled to kick off in April. Expectations have to be set higher. Congress should demand that US-Japan be expanded, starting with intellectual property (IP).
The US is a creative economy. Ideas drive our economic growth. Intellectual property, including patents, copyrights, and trademarks, makes this possible. It compensates artists, scientists, inventors, and investors for bringing their ideas to market, despite the high risk of foreign theft.
Unfortunately, these ideas are easy to steal or reverse engineer -- especially in countries that do not provide the robust IP protections that exist already in the US. Strengthening other countries' IP protections through trade agreements, therefore, would increase investment in the American creative industries. The implications for our prosperity are obvious. The software industry, for example, contributes $1 trillion to our economy each year, and the biopharmaceutical industry generates $1.3 trillion in economic output. All told, IP-intensive industries -- including film, technology, and publishing -- support 58 million jobs across the country.
In Japan, US ideas-based goods and services face a variety of IP and other challenges.
For example, Japan does relatively little to crack down on online piracy, one of the most common forms of IP theft. Japanese citizens made 10.6 billion visits to piracy sites in 2017, making them some of the biggest consumers of illegal music, movies, and television shows. Piracy costs America $30 billion and up to 560,000 jobs every year, according to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
Other Japanese policies also undermine US creativity. Innovative drugs from the US are treated less favorably than those from Japan, rewarding domestic over foreign scientists through preferential government-imposed prices. For drugs and medical devices, Japan tends to reward work done in Japan, like clinical trials, through faster approvals, more so than the novelty of the product.
To protect America's creativity and innovation, the US needs much stronger IP across all industries, as well as equal treatment of its ideas through other policies.
To accomplish this, the US needs a different trade "template" than the one we've seen recently. Each time the US concludes a trade deal, it not only wins concessions from the other side, but sets expectations concerning future deals. IP has to be front and center in the US template, not just for trade with Japan, but the long list of countries that President Trump is eyeing next.
Marc L. Busch is the Karl F. Landegger Professor of International Business Diplomacy at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service. This piece originally ran online at The International Business Times.
